Wednesday, October 31, 2018

How US Birthright Citizenship Emerged, Endured

How US Birthright Citizenship Emerged, Endured

US President Donald Trump
President Donald Trump said Tuesday he wants to end a constitutional right that automatically grants citizenship to any baby born in the United States. Trump, in an interview with "Axios on HBO,'' said his goal is halting guaranteed citizenship for babies of noncitizens and unauthorized immigrants.

U.S. citizenship through birth comes via the 14th Amendment , which was ratified after the Civil War to secure U.S. citizenship for newly freed black slaves. It later was used to guarantee citizenship to all babies born on U.S. soil after court challenges.

Here is a look at the Citizenship Clause and how citizens worked to be included in it throughout U.S. history:

The 14th Amendment

In the aftermath of the Civil War, radical Republicans in Congress sought to push through a series of constitutional protections for newly emancipated black slaves. The 13th Amendment, which was ratified in December 1865, outlawed slavery. The 14th Amendment, ratified in July 1868, assured citizenship for all, including blacks. And the 15th Amendment, ratified in February 1870, awarded voting rights to black men, stating those rights should not be denied based on "race, color or previous condition of servitude."

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside," the 14th Amendment says. "No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States."

During a debate over the 14th Amendment, U.S. Sen. Edgar Cowan of Pennsylvania said birthright citizenship could result in "a flood of immigration of the Mongol race." He was referring to immigrants from Mongolia and China.

By extending citizenship to those born in the U.S., the amendment nullified the Supreme Court's 1857 decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford, which held that those descended from slaves could not be citizens.

Dred Scott and his wife Harriet were slaves who sued for their freedom after they were taken from the slave state of Missouri to the non-slave territories of Wisconsin and Illinois where slavery had been prohibited by the Missouri Compromise.

Fight for Citizenship

Despite the Citizenship Clause and equal protections afforded under the 14th Amendment, Native Americans were consistently denied the benefits of U.S. birthright citizenship and it took decades for them to receive full citizenship, according to the nonpartisan National Constitution Center.

Native Americans who remained under tribal structures were not considered in determining the number of representatives for states in Congress. And if Native Americans left tribal structures, they weren't eligible for naturalization under the general naturalization laws because only whites could become naturalized citizens, Rutgers University School of Law professor Earl M. Maltz told the National Constitution Center in a conversation about citizenship.

Congress finally granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in the U.S. in 1924.

The idea that the children of immigrants born in the U.S. were automatically U.S. citizens remained unclear until 1898. That's when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that San Francisco-born Wong Kim Ark was a U.S. citizen because he was born in the U.S. The federal government had tried to deny the son of Chinese immigrants re-entry in the U.S. after a trip abroad on grounds he wasn't a citizen under the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Still, U.S.-born Mexican-Americans in the 1930s were denied citizenship protections when authorities in California and Texas deported them to Mexico during the Great Depression. U.S.-born Japanese-Americans were denied citizenship protections when they were forced into Japanese internment camps during World War II.

An Executive Order

Geoffrey Hoffman, director of the Immigration Clinic at the University of Houston Law Center, says some proponents of immigration restrictions have argued the words "subject to the jurisdiction thereof" in the 14th Amendment allows the U.S. to deny citizenship to babies born to those in the country illegally.

However, Hoffman said those arguments are false since any person in the U.S., besides diplomats, would be subject to U.S. laws regardless of immigration status.

Any executive order by Trump or any president could be subjected to a judicial challenge and there are many articles in the Constitution that would make a fight against the Citizenship Clause difficult.

Besides the 14th Amendment itself, Hoffman said an executive order banning the Citizenship Clause would violate Article 2 of the Constitution, which states the president "shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed."

Hoffman said such an executive order would violate laws of denaturalization and would attempt to strip citizenship retroactively — another violation of the Constitution.



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Pakistan’s health sector far behind in region: WHO

Pakistan’s health sector far behind in region: WHO

Pakistan’s health sector far behind in region: WHO
Though Pakistan has shown improvement in the health sector the last 18 years, it needs to do a lot more as the country is far behind in the region and across the globe, a World Health Organisation (WHO) report launched on Tuesday says.

The report titled Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3: Localisation in Pakistan, which was compiled in collaboration with the National Health Services (NHS), says the maternal mortality rate in the country was 290 per 100,000 live births in the year 2000 which has dropped to 160.

However, the SDGs require it to be reduced to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.

Skilled birth attendance was 23pc in 2000 and is currently at 69pc but the SDGs require them to be over 95pc by 2030. The under-five mortality rate was 112 per 1,000 live births in the year 2000 and is currently at 75 but has to be reduced to less than 25.

Incidents of tuberculosis were 275 per 100,000 people in 2000 and are currently at 269 but have to be reduced to 54 by 2030.

The probability of dying from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease between the ages of 30 and 70 was 24.8pc in 2000 and is currently at 24.7pc but has to be reduced to 17pc by 2030.

Parliamentary Secretary of NHS MNA Dr Nausheen Hamid said Pakistan had made a sub-optimal progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)and now the SDGs.

She said the NHS ministry considered the SDGs the national goals of Pakistan and was committed to achieving SDG-3 through its localisation and integration with the country’s health strategies and plans at the national and provincial levels.

The first step towards attaining SDG-3 in Pakistan starts with understanding the ground realities today, she said.

“The health indicators are not up to the desired level and we all need to work very hard to achieve SDG-3 through the universal health coverage. The ministry has completed the process of localisation of health related SDG indicators in consultation with all relevant stakeholders and partners both at the national and provincial levels,” she said.

“The ministry seeks close cooperation with line ministries to monitor progress in SDG-3 indicator. We especially request the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics to work in collaboration with the ministry on data sharing and analysis,” Dr Hamid said.

NHS Director General Dr Asad Hafeez said that by adhering to the SDG Agenda 2030, the country aimed to bring about transformational change in 17 domains covering multiple sectors to improve the lives of the citizens of Pakistan and contribute towards the betterment of all humanity.

He said SDG-3 is aimed and ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well being of all at all ages and that it is the pivot that will drive the SDG agenda in Pakistan due to its centrality to human development.

Dr Hafeez said it is a notable achievement for Pakistan that it is one of the first countries to complete the localization process which is a fundamental first step towards achieving SDGs by 2030.

Head of WHO Pakistan Dr Ni’ma Abid Saeed appreciated the political commitment of the government.

“WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,” he said.

He added that monitoring health trends and strengthening health information systems are among the core functions of WHO and for which the organisation is committed to work closely with the Pakistani government.

WHO is committed to support all stakeholders for SDG-3 implementation and forth coming voluntary national review, he said.



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Supreme Court Bar Association elections today

Supreme Court Bar Association elections today

Ali Ahmad Kurd and Amanullah Kanrani
The Supreme Court Bar Association (SCBA) elections for the term 2018-2-19 are being held today (Wednesday).

A total of 3,047 voters will cast their votes to elect the 22-member body. Judges from across Pakistan will elect the new body for the bar association.

The Lahore registry has 1291 registered votes while the Karachi registry has 504. In Islamabad, there are 484 registered votes while Peshawar has 280 votes. Quetta, Bahawalpur and Multan have 196, 89 and 203 registered votes respectively.

Polling stations have been set up in Karachi, Quetta, Peshawar, Abbottabad, Lahore, Multan, Bahawalpur, Islamabad and other cities.

According to the SCBA policy, the president of the bar is elected from different province each year as per rotation policy. The slot of the president has been reserved for Balochistan this year with the two candidates vying for the being Ali Ahmad Kurd and Amanullah Kanrani.

For the slot of the secretary, the contest is between Shamim-ur-Rehman Malik and Azmatullah Chaudhry while Ali Ahmed Rana and Mahmood A Sheikh are in the running for the finance secretary.

The SCBA body consists of the president, four vice-presidents (one from each province), secretary, additional secretary, finance secretary and 14 members elected from throughout Pakistan (at least two from each province).



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Seven killed in suicide attack near Kabul prison

Seven killed in suicide attack near Kabul prison

The blast near the Pul-e-Charkhi prison in Kabul, seen here in a file picture, killed at least seven people
A suicide bomber targeting a bus carrying employees of Afghanistan's biggest prison killed at least seven people on Wednesday, officials said, in the latest militant attack in the war-torn country.

Another five were wounded in the blast near the facility in Kabul, which police spokesman Basir Mujahid said had hit a vehicle that staff of Pul-e-Charkhi prison were travelling in.

The attacker was on foot, interior ministry spokesman Najib Danish said. He struck as the bus was entering the jail in the east of the Afghan capital.

There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the explosion, but the Daesh has claimed most suicide attacks in Kabul in recent months.

The attack comes days after a suicide bomber blew himself up near the entrance of Afghanistan's Independent Election Commission in Kabul, killing at least one person and wounding six.

A wave of election-related violence has killed or wounded hundreds across the country in recent months as the Taliban and IS step up attacks on Afghan security forces and government workers.

Afghanistan's long-delayed parliamentary election, which was held over three days this month, was marred by chaos and deadly attacks.

Two days before voting began on October 20, a Taliban-claimed shooting killed a powerful police chief in the southern province of Kandahar.

General Abdul Raziq was among three people killed in the brazen insider attack on a high-level security meeting in the provincial capital that was attended by General Scott Miller, the top US and NATO commander in Afghanistan.

Miller escaped unhurt, but US Brigadier General Jeffrey Smiley was among 13 people wounded in the shooting, which the Taliban said had targeted Miller and Raziq.

US officials and NATO's Resolute Support mission in Afghanistan were adamant that Miller had not been a target.

Several days later another Taliban-claimed assault killed a NATO soldier and and wounded two others -- all from the Czech Republic -- in the western province of Herat.

The attacks came amid a flurry of US-led diplomatic activity to convince the Taliban, Afghanistan's largest militant group, to negotiate an end to the 17-year war.

Earlier this month, newly appointed US peace envoy Zalmay Khalilzad met with Taliban representatives in Qatar.

Less than two weeks later a top Taliban commander held in Pakistani detention for more than eight years was freed.

A senior Taliban leader told AFP the group had requested the release of Abdul Ghani Baradar and several others at the meeting with Khalilzad.



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US General: Troop Numbers at Mexican Border to Rise Further

US General: Troop Numbers at Mexican Border to Rise Further

This Oct. 29, 2018 photo provided by the U.S. Air Force shows deployers from Headquarters Company, 89th Military Police Brigade, Task Force Griffin getting ready to board a C-130J Super Hercules from Little Rock, Arkansas, at Fort Knox, Kentucky.
The top U.S. general overseeing a deployment of more than 5,200 troops to the border with Mexico said on Tuesday that troop levels would rise further but declined to say how high or estimate what the operation will cost.

Many basic questions remain unanswered a day after the Pentagon announced an open-ended deployment of over 5,200 active-duty troops to the border, including the cost and scope of the mission as well as the Pentagon's assessment of any threat posed by arriving migrants.

U.S. President Donald Trump has hardened his stance on immigration ahead of Nov. 6 congressional elections. He has drawn attention to a caravan of migrants that is trekking through Mexico toward the United States as he seeks to fire up support for his Republican party.

Republican lawmakers and other Trump supporters have applauded the deployment. But critics say Trump is politicizing the military, deploying them as a stunt to drive Republican voters to the polls without any real national security threat.

General Terrence O'Shaughnessy, the head of U.S. Northern Command, defended the operation at a briefing Tuesday. He echoed Trump administration concerns about the caravan and compared the border support mission to other domestic military missions, like hurricane relief.

"I firmly believe that border security is national security," O'Shaughnessy said.

The U.S. military still had no firm idea of what the operation would cost, he added. Pentagon officials have said the Defense Department will need to find a way to pay for the operation, suggesting money may need to be taken from other national security programs.

O'Shaughnessy said just over 1,000 troops had already deployed to Texas as of Tuesday, where they will carry out tasks like building barriers, erecting tents, and flying government personnel by helicopter to and from different locations along the border.

He said the more than 5,200 troops now slated to go to Texas, Arizona and California were only the start of a larger deployment and that eventually troops would go to New Mexico as well.

"What I can confirm is there will be additional force over and above the 5,239. The magnitude of that difference, I don't have the answer for now," he said.

The projected U.S. deployment is already roughly the same size as the U.S. military contingent in Iraq.

Trump railed against illegal immigration to win the 2016 presidential election and has seized on the caravan of Central American migrants at campaign rallies in the run-up to next week's vote.

Trump has characterized the migrants as an "invasion" and falsely stated they harbor terrorists and are financed in part by Democrats.

O'Shaughnessy declined to comment on intelligence about the caravan when asked whether there were terrorists among the migrants. He said the caravans was "different" than those seen by the United States in the past, adding that they were better organized.

"We've seen violence coming out of the caravan," O'Shaughnessy said.

Kevin McAleenan, the U.S. commissioner of Customs and Border Protection, estimated Monday that the caravan was comprised of about 3,500 migrants.



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Supreme Court acquits Asia Bibi, orders immediate release

Supreme Court acquits Asia Bibi, orders immediate release

Asia Bibi
The Supreme Court on Wednesday acquitted Asia Bibi, a Christian woman sentenced to death over blasphemy allegations.

A three-judge special bench headed by Chief Justice of Pakistan Justice Mian Saqib Nisar and comprising Justice Asif Saeed Khosa and Justice Mazhar Alam Khan Miankhel heard Bibi's 2014 appeal against her conviction and death sentence under section 295-C of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC).

Justice Nisar while reading out the verdict said, ""The appeal is allowed. She has been acquitted. The judgement of the high court as well as trial court is reversed. Her conviction is set aside."

The judgment added, "Asia Bibi be released immediately if not involved in any other case."

On October 8, the top court had reserved its judgment on the appeal of the Christian mother of four, who in 2010 became the first woman to be sentenced to death under Pakistan's blasphemy law.

Allegations against Bibi

The allegations against Bibi date back to June 2009, when she was labouring in a field and a row broke out with some Muslim women who alleged that she committed blasphemy against Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him).

Bibi was convicted of blasphemy and sentenced to death in 2010, despite her advocates maintaining her innocence and insisting the accusers held grudges against her.

Last hearing

During the last hearing on October 8, Bibi's lawyer Saiful Mulook had told the bench that the incident took place on June 14, 2009 and its case was registered on June 19. A case was filed against Bibi by an Imam in Katanwala village who alleged that Bibi had confessed to committing blasphemy, the lawyer said.

To this, Justice Nisar had asked Bibi’s lawyer, "Are these things on record?" However, Mulook had told the bench that the Imam (prayer leader) himself was not a witness to the incident.

“There are also contradictions regarding how the notice of the incident was taken and the complainant has said the decision to register an FIR against Bibi was taken amid a group of people,” he had upheld.

Further, Mulook had said, “Permission was not taken from the district coordination officer (DCO) or the district police officer (DPO) to register the FIR."

He had added that the Imam in the FIR said that the villagers had not attempted to beat up Bibi.

To this, Justice Khosa had remarked, “From your statements we have gathered that the Imam himself did not witness the incident as it happened and no blasphemous words were said in his presence.”

Justice Nisar had then added, “As per the prayer leader's statement, a panchayat was held in a house and 1,000 people had gathered for it."

“The FIR states that Bibi was a Christian preacher, was she really?” the chief justice asked. Mulook responded in the negative and said, “She was never a preacher.”

After hearing the arguments, the top court reserved its judgment on Bibi's appeal. The chief justice had also directed news channels to not discuss the case.



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No place for unproductive ministers in cabine: PM Imran

No place for unproductive ministers in cabine: PM Imran

Prime Minister Imran Khan holds meeting with provincial ministers in Lahore
Prime Minister Imran Khan said that there is no place for incompetent and unproductive ministers in the cabinet.

The PM held meeting with provincial ministers in Lahore, where he said that opposition’s work is to criticise while the government’s role is to serve.

“Pakistan Citizens Portal has opened now, the public cannot hold us accountable. Corruption will be under check and hard work is required for the purpose” said the prime minister.

The PM said that NEPRA suggested an increase of more than Rs3 on electricity rates, but the government approved hike of Rs1.27, not putting burden on the poor.

PM Imran said that the entire focus is on improving governance, asking the ministers to priortise serving the people.

PTI wants to make Pakistan a welfare state and education and health are first most priority of the government, said the prime minister.

The provincial minister expressed complete trust upon the leadership of the prime minister and gave recommendations for improving different sectors, said an official press release.



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Cambobian-Americans Flex a Long-Silent Voice in US Midterm Elections

Cambobian-Americans Flex a Long-Silent Voice in US Midterm Elections

Cambodian-American Laura Som
Cambodian-American Laura Som said her mother raised her to never get involved in politics. Her mother would say politics is "a bloodbath, and we don't want to see you walk into that."

A deep fear of government is shared by Cambodians, many of whom experienced the violence of the Cambodian genocide, a four-year period in the 1970s when the communist Khmer Rouge regime killed nearly 2 million people.

"Just the word 'government' would trigger a lot of traumas of killing, violence, not just to ourselves but to our children or to our loved ones," said Som, a community activist who lives in Long Beach, California, the U.S. city with the largest concentration of Cambodians.

Recalling the first time she became involved in local civic activities, Som said, "My mother received a call from a community leader to say how horrible of a mother she was to allow such a young college kid (to) participate in civic engagement events."

Som's experience as a Cambodian-American is not unusual.

During every election season, Cambodian-Americans have remained noticeably silent. Som said her community has traditionally avoided the polls during elections and have taught their children not to get involved.

Som said during the U.S. Census, which attempts to count every resident in the country, many Cambodian-Americans either do not participate or misreport the numbers in their households because they fear being on a government list.

Civics engagement

However, the 2018 midterm election season is proving to be different. Many Cambodian-Americans in Long Beach are on a mission to create political change for their community by pushing for a seat at the table in city government so their voices can be heard.

The movement was born during a civics class taught by Som at the MAYE Center, a center she founded to help fellow Cambodian genocide victims heal from the trauma they suffered and located in the heart of Long Beach's Cambodia Town. (The four elements of self-healing at the MAYE Center include meditation, agriculture, yoga and education.)

One of her students, Vy Sron, remembered the discussion that started a tidal wave within the community.

"When the teacher said that (the) Cambodian community does not have a political voice like other communities, I asked the question of 'why does the Cambodian community not have such political voice?' "

Som said she believes more political representation would help bring a cultural awareness and sensitivity to the needs of her community.

"We have members, elders who would go up to council and speak Cambodian, and we didn't have anyone translating," Som said. "We're people of the earth. We want plants and gardens. This is how we heal ourselves, but yet we are put in a community where it's a cement jungle."

About 20,000 Cambodian-Americans live in Long Beach, or about 4 percent of the city's population of 486,000, according to the Long Beach Convention and Visitor's Bureau. More than half of the Cambodian-Americans in Long Beach live in and around an area known as Cambodia Town, a 1.2-mile business strip of Khmer-owned restaurants, shops and temples, according to the bureau.

However, the area in and around Cambodia Town is currently part of four of the city's nine council districts. And each of the four districts is represented by a different council member, meaning any political clout the Cambodian community might have is diffused.

The students in the MAYE Center civics class decided to take action, organizing their community and collecting signatures for a petition to ask the city of Long Beach to redraw district lines so the largely Cambodian community could be consolidated into one district, with one representative.

But they are learning that seeking representation is a complicated matter that takes work and patience.

Cities typically look at redrawing district boundaries every 10 years, after the U.S. Census, so the population can be equally divided. The Long Beach city charter also allows the city to redistrict every five years or at any time the City Council feels there is a need.

In the last redistricting, in 2011, the Long Beach City Council adopted criteria for redrawing district lines, including "splits in neighborhoods, ethnic communities and other groups having a clear identity should be avoided."

Som said council members did not follow that criteria when they split the area in and around Cambodia Town among four districts. The MAYE Center group wants the city to redraw the boundary lines, consolidating the Cambodia Town area into one district, before the next U.S. Census in 2020. The new district would allow Cambodian-Americans to vote for someone who would more solidly represent their interests in the 2020 election cycle, the group said.

"All the students took part in educating one Cambodian resident at a time, (and) have collected 3,000 signatures in two months," Som said.

Civil rights attorney Marc Coleman said other ethnic minority groups have been successful with similar endeavors in the past.

"The Latino community did the same thing, and they created what ... they call the Latino District," said Coleman, who is also treasurer of the MAYE Center.

Midterm elections

The group's efforts are twofold in this election. The Cambodian community is also supporting a proposal on the November 6 ballot to amend the Long Beach city charter to create an independent, citizen-led redistricting panel, taking that duty away from City Council members. The hope would be to have a member of the Cambodian community on the panel, the group added.

Long Beach city officials, however, said redistricting of the city will not be considered until after the 2020 Census to get the most accurate population count. Who is involved in the redistricting process will depend on the results of the November vote on the independent commission.

Guatamalan native and Long Beach resident Juan Ovalle, who also fled an oppressive government, said he supports the Cambodian community's efforts for representation, but he opposes the ballot measure, calling it a façade by politicians that would only allow residents to think they have more control over redistricting. He warned the Cambodian community not to be fooled.

"It (the redistricting committee) is still beholden to political influences. Those that will select the members of the redistricting committee are basically politicians," Ovalle said.

Coleman, of the MAYE Center, in responding to Ovalle said, "This is as good as we could get it. Nothing is perfect. Nothing is foolproof, but we feel confident this is a good system."

Knowledge is power

Charles Song, who survived the Cambodian genocide, said he had tried in the past to organize the Long Beach Cambodian community, but was never very successful.

"The roadblock is always here, because when you're talking about the Cambodian community, the first thing is fear," he added.

Song said experts from outside the community, whom he credits with empowering residents by teaching them how city government works, are behind the intense interest among Cambodian-Americans in this year's election.

For Som, whose civics class ignited the students' interest in local politics, this has also been an exercise in trying to persuade her mother to trust the U.S. government.

"I have to remind her that this is a different political landscape, that many have died in this country to give us this kind of voice and that we could do it," she said.



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Sarfraz Ahmed aiming to cement Twenty20 dominance against New Zealand

Sarfraz Ahmed aiming to cement Twenty20 dominance against New Zealand

Sarfraz Ahmed aiming to cement Twenty20 dominance against New Zealand
Pakistan skipper Sarfraz Ahmed vowed that his all-conquering Twenty20 team will continue their hot streak in their three-match series against New Zealand, starting in Abu Dhabi on Wednesday.

Pakistan maintained top spot in the 20-over world rankings with a 3-0 whitewash of Australia in Dubai on Sunday, cementing their place as the leading lights of the game s shortest format.

Ever since Sarfraz took over as captain Pakistan have won 26 of their 30 matches and the hammering of Australia was their tenth straight series win.

"We want to carry forward the winning momentum of the Australia series," said Sarfraz, who announced Shoaib Malik will join the team in time for the match soon after becoming a father.

Malik s tennis star wife Sania Mirza gave birth to a baby boy in India early on Tuesday.

However opener Fakhar Zaman is still sidelined with the knee problem that forced him to sit out Sunday s game against Australia in Dubai.

Sarfraz admitted New Zealand, two points behind Australia in the world rankings having played three fewer matches, will be a tougher opponent.

"They (New Zealand) have a strong team with ideal batsmen for Twenty20 and a balanced bowling attack so we need to set the tone from the first game by winning it," said Sarfraz, whose team has won 10 of their 18 previous Twenty20 internationals against New Zealand.

Pakistan s varied bowling attack defended totals of 155, 147 and 150 against Australia but New Zealand s top order of Colin Munro, skipper Kane Williamson and Ross Taylor are expected to be a sterner test than Australia s mis-firing batsmen.

Munro is one of only two batsmen to hit three Twenty20 hundreds alongside India s Rohit Sharma.

New Zealand also have hard hitting all-rounders in Corey Anderson and Colin de Grandhomme, with pace attack spearheaded by Tim Southee, Lockie Ferguson and Adam Milne.

Williamson said his team needed to be at their best to beat the top team.

"Obviously, Pakistan are a strong side," said Williamson.

"That s something we ve known for a long time. The last time we played against them was at home in New Zealand and it was a tough series," added Williamson of the January series Pakistan won 2-1.

"They are extremely strong in these conditions. Their rankings suggest that as well. They have had a lot of success in the format in recent times."

Williamson admitted opener Martin Guptill, out of the tour with a calf strain, will be missed.

"It s a shame we don t have Martin for this series," said Williamson of Guptill, who is the highest run scorer in the format with 2271 in 75 matches.

"He s obviously a world class player for us and a big performer."

The remaining two matches will be played in Dubai on Friday and Sunday. The two teams will also play three Tests and one-day internationals.

Team (from):

Pakistan: Sarfraz Ahmed (captain), Mohammad Hafeez, Sahibzada Farhan, Babar Azam, Shoaib Malik, Asif Ali, Shadab Khan, Shaheen Shah Afridi, Usman Khan Shanwari, Hasan Ali, Imad Wasim, Faheem Ashraf

New Zealand: Kane Williamson (captain), Corey Anderson, Mark Chapman, Lockie Ferguson, Colin de Grandhomme, Adam Milne, Colin Munro, Ajaz Patel, Glenn Phillips, Seth Rance, Tim Seifert, Ish Sodhi, Tim Southee, Ross Taylor



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Iran's Zarif in Pakistan for second visit during PTI government

Iran's Zarif in Pakistan for second visit during PTI government

Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif arriving Islamabad International Airport
Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif arrived here at the Islamabad International Airport (IIAP) Wednesday morning for what marks his second visit during the newly-elected Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan's government.

Zarif is expected to meet his Pakistani counterpart, Shah Mehmood Qureshi, and Khan, who is also the chairperson of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).

The Iranian diplomat previously travelled to Pakistan on August 31 when he and Khan had discussed matters related to bilateral relations and regional security.

The Pakistani premier, at that time, had said the two countries enjoy historical and religious ties and that the people of both nations needed to extend cooperation in different fields.

Zarif had also met Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) General Qamar Jawed Bajwa at the General Headquarters (GHQ) in Rawalpindi where, according to the military's media wing, Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), the two talked regional security and matters of mutual interest.

The Iranian foreign minister had appreciated Pakistan’s contributions to the prevention of regional conflict. Islamabad took sincere steps towards peace and stability in South Asia, Zarif had said.

During his meeting with Qureshi, the two ministers, as per the Foreign Office (FO), had discussed the ways to enhance cooperation and strengthen relations between the two states.



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CM Buzdar briefs Prime Minister About of 100 Days Agenda

CM Buzdar briefs Prime Minister About of 100 Days Agenda

CM Buzdar briefs Prime Minister About of 100 Days Agenda
Punjab Chief Minister Usman Buzdar on Tuesday briefed Prime Minister Imran Khan on the steps taken by the provincial government for implementation of 100 Days Agenda.

Imran Khan who met Buzdar during his maiden official visit to Lahore discussed political, administrative, and economic matters of the province.

Usman Buzdar also briefed the prime minister about progress on the Naya Pakistan Housing Programme in Punjab.Earlier, Imran Khan met Punjab Governor Chaudhry Sarwar and speaker Punjab Assembly Choudhry Pervez Ilahi and discussed various matters.

Both Governor and Speaker Punjab Assembly congratulated Prime Minister for his successful visit to Saudi Arabia.

Prime Minister Imran Khan reached Lahore on Tuesday evening.

During the visit, he will chair several meetings, during which briefing will be given on implementation of PTI Government’s first 100-days agenda.



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Dr Sania Nishtar appointed as BISP Chairperson

Dr Sania Nishtar appointed as BISP Chairperson

Dr Sania Nishtar
The federal government has appointed Dr Sania Nishtar, Pakistan’s internationally acclaimed global health expert, as chairperson of the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP).

According to a statement issued here, the federal government had invited Dr. Sania Nishtar to chair the Board of the BISP, following her acceptance, the government has made the appointment.

Dr. Nishtar is a well-respected apolitical professional, civil society leader and former cabinet minister. She is also a widely published scholar in the field of public healthcare systems and reform.

Poverty alleviation and provision of social protection to marginalised groups, especially in the less developed areas of the country, is amongst the highest priorities of the Government.

Dr. Nishtar’s appointment, in fact, reflects the government’s commitment to achieve this policy objective by depoliticising BISP and providing it professional leadership.BISP has recently outlined its plans for a comprehensive social protection strategy aimed at protecting the poorest of the poor from economic shocks.

Under Dr. Nishtar’s stewardship, BISP is expected to further deepen its interventions and also make them more transparent through innovative targeting approaches for the most disadvantaged segments of society.

About Dr. Sania Nishtar Dr. Sania Nishtar is the internationally acclaimed Pakistani physician and public health expert. She currently co-chairs WHO’s High-Level Commission on Non-communicable diseases along with the president of Uruguay, Finland and Sri-Lanka.

She also chairs the U.S National Academy of Sciences initiative on the Quality of Healthcare in low and middle-income countries and also chairs the United Nations International Institute for Global Health’s Advisory Committee.

She is a member of the International Advisory Board on Global Health of the Federal Government of Germany and the World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on the future of healthcare.She has previously served as a caretaker Federal Minister in the Interim Government of 2013.

In 2017, she was Pakistan’s nominee for director general of the World Health Organization and was in the final shortlist of three.

Earlier she was also founding chair of the UN Secretary General’s Independent Accountability Panel for Women’s and Children’s health and chaired WHO’s Commission on Ending childhood Obesity.

She has received many international awards for her work and is widely published.

Sania Nishtar graduated from Khyber Medical University as the best graduate in 1986, with 16 gold medals setting a college record which remains unbroken.

She is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and took a Ph.D at Kings College London.



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Government to increase prices of petroleum products

Government to increase prices of petroleum products

Government to increase prices of petroleum products
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (Ogra) has recommended an increase of 13 rupees per litre in prices of petroleum products (POL).

Ogra has forwarded the recommendations to the Ministry of Finance which will decide on the final prices following its session scheduled to take place on Wednesday.

According to sources, the regulatory authority has recommended Rs13 per litre price hike for high-speed diesel, petrol by Rs9, kerosene by Rs6.2, and light-diesel by Rs6 per litre.

The revised prices will be implemented from November 1.



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Prime Minister Arrives Lahore On Day Official Visit

Prime Minister Arrives Lahore On Day Official Visit

Prime Minister Arrives Lahore On Day Official Visit
Prime Minister Imran Khan Tuesday arrived Lahore on official visit to the Punjab capital where he met Governor Chaudhry Sarwar.

Imran Khan would later visit the Chief Minister House to review the execution of 100-Day plan among the other important agendas.

He will also hold one-to-one meeting with Punjab Chief Minister Usman Buzdar, who will brief PM over the measures taken by the Punjab government under 15 points of 100-Day plan and grand anti-encroachment operation in the province.

PM Khan will also review the preparations for ‘Naya Pakistan Housing Scheme’ in different cities of Punjab.



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Interior Ministry Formally Reinstate IGP Islamabad Jan Mohammad

Interior Ministry Formally Reinstate IGP Islamabad Jan Mohammad

Interior Ministry Formally Reinstate IGP Islamabad Jan Mohammad
Interior ministry on Tuesday issued a notification to formally reinstate Islamabad Inspector General of Police (IG) Jan Mohammad after Supreme Court’s (SC) verdict on suo motu notice.

As per details acquired, Jan Mohammad who is in Malaysia will return on November 2 and resume his duties.

Earlier yesterday, Chief Justice of Pakistan (CJP) Justice Saqib Nisar took a suo motu notice of transfer of Islamabad IG on ‘verbal orders’ of Prime Minister (PM) Imran Khan.

Expressing exasperation over political meddling, CJP declared transfer of Jan Mohammad as Islamabad IG null and void and direct interior ministry to immediately reinstate Mohammad as Islamabad IG.

As the hearing went underway, Attorney General (AG) told the apex court tha Jan Mohammad was transferred on Prime Minister Imran Khan’s verbal orders. To this, CJP wondered that a high-ranked police official was transferred merely on verbal orders of PM Khan.

It is pertinent here to mention that Islamabad IG was transferred over not picking telephone of Federal Minister for Science and Technology Azam Khan Swati. The minister alleged that he called the high-ranked police official for 22 hours but latter did not bother to pick his phone.



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Fakhr-e-Alam granted visa after brief detention in Russia

Fakhr-e-Alam granted visa after brief detention in Russia

Fakhr-e-Alam granted visa after brief detention in Russia
Singer-turned-activist Fakhr-e-Alam, who was detained at Russian airport Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk a day earlier, has been granted a new visa making him enable to continue his "Mission Parwaz".

Alam took to Twitter and said, "I have just received a new visa. I am now preparing the airplane and ready to go to Petropavovask airport. Thank you to all of my friends, well wishers the Pakistan government and the Russian authorities. The flag continues its journey."

Earlier, the tweet shared from Faysal Qureshi’s account said, “Please tweet on my behalf,” the message read. “I am detained at Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk airport because my visa expired by 2 hours and date changed.



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FM Qureshi lauds Austrian envoy's efforts in promoting bilateral relations

FM Qureshi lauds Austrian envoy's efforts in promoting bilateral relations

FM Qureshi received Austria's Ambassador Dr. Brigitta Blaha for a farewell call
Foreign Minister Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Qureshi received Austria's Ambassador Dr. Brigitta Blaha for a farewell call in Islamabad on Tuesday.

Foreign Minister appreciated the Ambassador's efforts in promoting Pakistan-Austria bilateral relations during her tenure in Pakistan.

He emphasized on the need to augment trade and economic ties and greater people-to-people contacts between the two countries.

The Austrian Ambassador reciprocated her government's desire to further enhance cooperation between the two countries in all areas of mutual interest.

She, in particular, emphasized on greater cooperation in the fields of trade, investment and education.

Foreign Minister wished the Ambassador success in her future endeavors.



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Alvi, Erdogan agree to further enhance mutual cooperation

Alvi, Erdogan agree to further enhance mutual cooperation

 Alvi, Erdogan agree to further enhance mutual cooperation
President Dr. Arif Alvi and President Recep Tayyip Erdogan have agreed to further enhance mutual cooperation between the two brotherly countries for further deepening bilateral relations in all fields.

This was agreed between the two leaders in one to one meeting in Istanbul.

President Dr. Arif Alvi is visiting Turkey on the invitation of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan for the inauguration of Istanbul's Grand International Airport.

On the occasion, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan congratulated President Dr. Arif Alvi on his election. He hoped that bilateral relations between the two brotherly countries will further grow under the new leadership of Pakistan.

President Dr. Arif Alvi stressed the early conclusion of bilateral Free Trade Agreement and increasing the bilateral trade between the both countries. He expressed satisfaction at growing Turkish investment in Pakistan and also hoped that Turkish investors will further benefit from various investment opportunities in Pakistan.

President Dr. Arif Alvi thanked his Turkish counterpart for warm welcome and hospitality accorded to the Pakistani delegation during the visit. He also invited Turkish President to visit Pakistan at his earliest convenience.

President Dr. Arif Alvi also attended the reception hosted by President of Turkey in the honor of visiting Heads of State and Government on the occasion of 95th Republic Day of Turkey.



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Nawaz decides not to attend APC

Nawaz decides not to attend APC

Nawaz decides not to attend APC
Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) supremo Nawaz Sharif has decided not to attend opposition’s all parties conference (APC), sources privy to Punjab-based party told our correspondent.

As per details garnered, Nawaz Sharif presided over party’s consultative meeting here in Islamabad today.

However, a delegation of PML-N will attend the APC. It has also been decided that PML-N will support other opposition parties on issues of national importance.

Earlier today, the supremo arrived at the Parliament House where Shehbaz Sharif greeted him. The duo reviewed country’s overall political situation.

On the other hand, a parliamentary meeting of the PML-N is scheduled to take place in the chamber of Shehbaz Sharif after session of National Assembly (NA).

Nawaz’s decision came few days after Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari sent message of reconciliation to the former in his presser.

Yesterday, Leader of Opposition Shehbaz Sharif and PPP co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari returned to the NA together after a token boycott by the opposition over failing to produce party president and Leader of the Opposition Shehbaz Sharif in the lower house of the parliament on time.

The opposition ended boycott of the NA session after Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi convinced them to return to the assembly.



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State cannot recover from fiscal crisis without bailout: Asad Umar

State cannot recover from fiscal crisis without bailout: Asad Umar

State cannot recover from fiscal crisis without bailout: Asad Umar
Finance Minister Asad Umar on Tuesday defended the government's strategy to seek loans from multiple sources instead of asking the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to plug the entire gap in the country's financing needs.

Former speaker and PML-N leader Ayaz Sadiq had recently asked the government to take the parliament into confidence over the government's recent negotiations with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), China and Saudi Arabia.

The finance minister today paid a visit to the lower house, where he explained to his fellow parliamentarians that the government approached friendly countries as well as the IMF for help so as to not be dependent on any single source.

"When we went to Saudi Arabia we signed a $3 billion deal," he said. "Naveed Qamar has stayed in the IMF programme, Ishaq Dar is not here but he must also know that all the money does not come from the IMF."



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Shehbaz Sharif is asking for NRO, Shiekh Rasheed

Shehbaz Sharif is asking for NRO, Shiekh Rasheed

Shehbaz Sharif is asking for NRO, Shiekh Rasheed
Federal Minister for Railways Sheikh Rasheed on Tuesday has said that Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) president Shehbaz Sharif is asking for National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO).

Talking to media, Sheikh Rasheed criticized former president Asif Ali Zardari, saying that he is now good for nothing.

The minister said that federal government is ready to provide all the required facilities for revival of Karachi Circular Railway project. Five more trains will be launched in Sindh in first hundred days of present government, he announced.

Rasheed said that Railway is back bone of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). He said number of freight trains will be increased from eight to fifteen.



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Alazia Refrence: Court to record Nawaz’s statement in next hearing

Alazia Refrence: Court to record Nawaz’s statement in next hearing

Alazia Refrence: Court to record Nawaz’s statement in next hearing
The National Accountability Bureau (NAB) prosecutor Wasiq Malik on Tuesday gave concluding arguments and told the accountability court that NAB has acquired all the evidence in case against Nawaz Sharif pertaining to Al-Azizia reference.

As the hearing went underway, NAB prosecutor stated that as many as 22 witnesses recorded their statements yesterday. He also submitted copies of verdicts of Supreme Court (SC) announced on April-20 and July-28.

On the other hand, Nawaz Sharif’s legal counsel Khawaja Haris raised objections on the Malik’s statement.

He told court that SC’s verdict announced on April-20 wasn’t linked with this case.

In the next hearing, prime accused Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) supremo will record his statement in the accountability court.



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Complaints lodged against 'uncooperative' Islamabad IGP prior to his transfer: Fawad

Complaints lodged against 'uncooperative' Islamabad IGP prior to his transfer: Fawad

 Complaints lodged against 'uncooperative' Islamabad IGP prior to his transfer: Fawad
Information Minister Fawad Chauhdry on Tuesday said inspector generals of police (IGPs) are answerable to the prime minister and chief minister and the premier has executive powers which he will use.

Speaking to the media in Islamabad, the information minister commented on the transfer of Islamabad Inspector-General of Police (IGP) Jan Muhammad and asked, “How is it possible that an IGP does not answer a federal minister’s phone call?”

“It is not acceptable that chief secretaries and IGPs do not answer their phones,” he said. “The matter regarding not answering phone calls is not an issue of the government and opposition,” the information minister added.

Stating that the IGPs are answerable to the prime minister and the chief minister of the respective province, Chaudhry said, “A narrative is being spread that if officers do not receive phone calls they will become heroes.”

Chaudhry further said, “During our rule in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, police officers were transferred following complaints.”

“The prime minister and chief minister have executive powers which they will use,” the information minister asserted. “It is not possible that IGPs, deputy commissioners or others are not answerable to the premier.”

Further, he said, “We respect the Supreme Court and will accept whatever they decide.”

Chaudhry’s comments came a day after the Supreme Court of Pakistan suspended a notification regarding the transfer of Islamabad IGP after officials said he was transferred on the verbal orders of Prime Minister Imran Khan. The Supreme Court on Monday was hearing the case of the Islamabad IGP's transfer after Chief Justice of Pakistan Justice Mian Saqib Nisar took suo motu notice.

IGP Muhammad was transferred on October 27 after he allegedly refused action on a complaint by Federal Minister Senator Azam Khan Swati's son regarding an incident at the farmhouse which, the minister claims, led to three of his employees being injured.



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Prime Minister  to visit Lahore today

Prime Minister  to visit Lahore today

Prime Minister  to visit Lahore today
Prime Minister Imran Khan is scheduled to make his official visit to the provincial capital Lahore today (Tuesday).

In Lahore, PM will chair meeting at Chief Minister House to review the execution of 100-Day plan among the other important agendas.

He will also hold one-to-one meeting with Punjab Chief Minister Usman Buzdar, who will brief PM over the measurements taken by the Punjab government under 15 points of 100-Day plan and grand anti-encroachment operation in the province.

PM Khan will also review the preparations done for ‘Naya Pakistan Housing Scheme’ in different cities of Punjab.



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Nawaz to meet Shehbaz Today

Nawaz to meet Shehbaz Today

Nawaz to meet Shehbaz Today
Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) supremo Nawaz Sharif will meet party’s president Shehbaz Sharif in National Assembly (NA) at 12PM today.

The duo will review country’s overall political situation and party’s matters. The supremo will also hold consultation with PML-N president whether to attend opposition’s all parties conference or not. The huddle is scheduled in chamber of the Opposition Leader in NA.

PML-N supremo will also visit Parliament House for the first time ever since his bail in Panama Papers case.

The supremo will also meet party’s senior leaders in Islamabad.

Earlier yesterday, responding to Prime Minister (PM) Imran Khan’s statement Sharif on Monday urged former to muster courage and reveal names of those seeking National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO) from the sitting govt.

He was talking to media in Islamabad after registering appearance before an accountability court.

On absence from the country’s political landscape, Sharif responded that he was passing through tough phase after sad demise of better half Kulsoom Nawaz. “Till now, we have failed to nudge ourselves back to political activities”, Sharif was quoted as saying.



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Jair Bolsonaro declared Brazil's next president

Jair Bolsonaro declared Brazil's next president

Jair Bolsonaro declared Brazil's next president
Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s next president, summed up his far-right campaign with the slogan “Brazil before everything, and God above all.”

Think of it as Brazil’s version of “America First.”

That campaign carried Bolsonaro to a decisive victory in the country’s presidential runoff on Sunday. He won 55 percent of the vote, easily defeating leftist candidate Fernando Haddad.

Bolsonaro appealed to Brazilians by promising to “break the system” and depart from the status quo after a tumultuous few years. Brazil suffered from a deep recession starting in 2016. That economic crisis was accompanied by political turmoil, as a massive corruption scandal unspooled in the country at the highest levels of government and business, leaving few high-profile leaders unscathed.

Against this backdrop, a rise in violent crime has left some voters yearning for order and security, which Bolsonaro — an ex-military officer — promised to deliver.

But his embrace of “law and order” carries alarming undertones, as he has expressed a fondness for the country’s past military dictatorship. His anti-democratic views are just one element of his disturbing rhetoric, though; the president-elect also freely spews misogynistic, anti-LGBTQ, and racist statements.

The presidential frontrunner has been compared to US President Donald Trump; both men share a reputation for incendiary rhetoric, have tried to build campaigns on promises to end corruption and crack down on crime and chaos, and know their way around social media.

Indeed, Trump tweeted Monday that he’d called to congratulate Bolsonaro on his victory. Bolsonaro also tweeted about their conversation, saying the US president had congratulated him on his “historic election.”



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No mobile phone, internet services today on account of Chehlum of Imam Hussain

No mobile phone, internet services today on account of Chehlum of Imam Hussain

No mobile phone, internet services today on account of Chehlum of Imam Hussain
Mobile phone, internet and GPRS services will remain suspended on Tuesday (today) in almost all big cities and towns of the country, except Islamabad.

The decision was taken by the federal government on the request of provincial governments in view of security concerns on the occasion of the Chehlum of Imam Hussain being observed on Tuesday, the Ministry of Interior said in a statement on Monday.

It said the ministry had received applications from home departments of all the four provinces and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). It said the duration of the suspension of these services would be according to the timings of mourning processions in different cities.

The cities and towns in Punjab where these restrictions will be effective are Lahore, Nankana Sahib, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Narowal, Rawalpindi, Attock, Jhelum, Sargodha, Khushab, Bhakkar, Toba Tek Singh, Multan, Sahiwal, Okara, Pakpattan and Rahim Yar Khan.

In Sindh, such cities are Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Khairpur, Jacobabad and Shikarpur.

In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, they are Nowshera, Kohat, Bannu, Lakki Marwat, Dera Ismail Khan, Tank and Abbottabad.

Quetta in Balochistan is the city where these services will remain suspended.

In AJK, these services will remained suspended in Muzaffarabad, Bagh, Haveli, Mirpur and Kotli.



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It's a boy! Shoaib, Sania welcome #BabyMirzaMalik

It's a boy! Shoaib, Sania welcome #BabyMirzaMalik

 Shoaib Malik and Sania Mirza
Sports power couple Shoaib Malik and Sania Mirza on Tuesday morning became parents to a baby boy.

"Excited to announce: Its a boy, and my girl is doing great and keeping strong as usual #Alhumdulilah," Malik wrote on Twitter.

"Thank you for the wishes and Duas, we are humbled," the 36-year old all-rounder added.

Prior to Malik's announcement, his manager and agent, Ameem Haq, had tweeted: "#BabyMirzaMalik boy is here. Baby and mother are all smiles, the dad is over the moon."



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New Zealand’s Ministry of Health to pilot three HIMSS digital maturity assessments

New Zealand’s Ministry of Health to pilot three HIMSS digital maturity assessments

The Ministry of Health (MoH) of New Zealand has chosen MidCentral and Southern District Health Boards (DHBs) as pilot sites for implementing digital maturity assessments. The pilots will include three HIMSS Analytics maturity assessments: the electronic medical record adoption model (EMRAM), outpatient-EMRAM (O-EMRAM) and the continuity of care maturity model (CCMM).

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How US Birthright Citizenship Emerged, Endured

How US Birthright Citizenship Emerged, Endured

US President Donald Trump
President Donald Trump said Tuesday he wants to end a constitutional right that automatically grants citizenship to any baby born in the United States. Trump, in an interview with "Axios on HBO,'' said his goal is halting guaranteed citizenship for babies of noncitizens and unauthorized immigrants.

U.S. citizenship through birth comes via the 14th Amendment , which was ratified after the Civil War to secure U.S. citizenship for newly freed black slaves. It later was used to guarantee citizenship to all babies born on U.S. soil after court challenges.

Here is a look at the Citizenship Clause and how citizens worked to be included in it throughout U.S. history:

The 14th Amendment

In the aftermath of the Civil War, radical Republicans in Congress sought to push through a series of constitutional protections for newly emancipated black slaves. The 13th Amendment, which was ratified in December 1865, outlawed slavery. The 14th Amendment, ratified in July 1868, assured citizenship for all, including blacks. And the 15th Amendment, ratified in February 1870, awarded voting rights to black men, stating those rights should not be denied based on "race, color or previous condition of servitude."

"All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside," the 14th Amendment says. "No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States."

During a debate over the 14th Amendment, U.S. Sen. Edgar Cowan of Pennsylvania said birthright citizenship could result in "a flood of immigration of the Mongol race." He was referring to immigrants from Mongolia and China.

By extending citizenship to those born in the U.S., the amendment nullified the Supreme Court's 1857 decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford, which held that those descended from slaves could not be citizens.

Dred Scott and his wife Harriet were slaves who sued for their freedom after they were taken from the slave state of Missouri to the non-slave territories of Wisconsin and Illinois where slavery had been prohibited by the Missouri Compromise.

Fight for Citizenship

Despite the Citizenship Clause and equal protections afforded under the 14th Amendment, Native Americans were consistently denied the benefits of U.S. birthright citizenship and it took decades for them to receive full citizenship, according to the nonpartisan National Constitution Center.

Native Americans who remained under tribal structures were not considered in determining the number of representatives for states in Congress. And if Native Americans left tribal structures, they weren't eligible for naturalization under the general naturalization laws because only whites could become naturalized citizens, Rutgers University School of Law professor Earl M. Maltz told the National Constitution Center in a conversation about citizenship.

Congress finally granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in the U.S. in 1924.

The idea that the children of immigrants born in the U.S. were automatically U.S. citizens remained unclear until 1898. That's when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that San Francisco-born Wong Kim Ark was a U.S. citizen because he was born in the U.S. The federal government had tried to deny the son of Chinese immigrants re-entry in the U.S. after a trip abroad on grounds he wasn't a citizen under the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Still, U.S.-born Mexican-Americans in the 1930s were denied citizenship protections when authorities in California and Texas deported them to Mexico during the Great Depression. U.S.-born Japanese-Americans were denied citizenship protections when they were forced into Japanese internment camps during World War II.

An Executive Order

Geoffrey Hoffman, director of the Immigration Clinic at the University of Houston Law Center, says some proponents of immigration restrictions have argued the words "subject to the jurisdiction thereof" in the 14th Amendment allows the U.S. to deny citizenship to babies born to those in the country illegally.

However, Hoffman said those arguments are false since any person in the U.S., besides diplomats, would be subject to U.S. laws regardless of immigration status.

Any executive order by Trump or any president could be subjected to a judicial challenge and there are many articles in the Constitution that would make a fight against the Citizenship Clause difficult.

Besides the 14th Amendment itself, Hoffman said an executive order banning the Citizenship Clause would violate Article 2 of the Constitution, which states the president "shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed."

Hoffman said such an executive order would violate laws of denaturalization and would attempt to strip citizenship retroactively — another violation of the Constitution.



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Pakistan’s health sector far behind in region: WHO

Pakistan’s health sector far behind in region: WHO

Pakistan’s health sector far behind in region: WHO
Though Pakistan has shown improvement in the health sector the last 18 years, it needs to do a lot more as the country is far behind in the region and across the globe, a World Health Organisation (WHO) report launched on Tuesday says.

The report titled Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3: Localisation in Pakistan, which was compiled in collaboration with the National Health Services (NHS), says the maternal mortality rate in the country was 290 per 100,000 live births in the year 2000 which has dropped to 160.

However, the SDGs require it to be reduced to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.

Skilled birth attendance was 23pc in 2000 and is currently at 69pc but the SDGs require them to be over 95pc by 2030. The under-five mortality rate was 112 per 1,000 live births in the year 2000 and is currently at 75 but has to be reduced to less than 25.

Incidents of tuberculosis were 275 per 100,000 people in 2000 and are currently at 269 but have to be reduced to 54 by 2030.

The probability of dying from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease between the ages of 30 and 70 was 24.8pc in 2000 and is currently at 24.7pc but has to be reduced to 17pc by 2030.

Parliamentary Secretary of NHS MNA Dr Nausheen Hamid said Pakistan had made a sub-optimal progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)and now the SDGs.

She said the NHS ministry considered the SDGs the national goals of Pakistan and was committed to achieving SDG-3 through its localisation and integration with the country’s health strategies and plans at the national and provincial levels.

The first step towards attaining SDG-3 in Pakistan starts with understanding the ground realities today, she said.

“The health indicators are not up to the desired level and we all need to work very hard to achieve SDG-3 through the universal health coverage. The ministry has completed the process of localisation of health related SDG indicators in consultation with all relevant stakeholders and partners both at the national and provincial levels,” she said.

“The ministry seeks close cooperation with line ministries to monitor progress in SDG-3 indicator. We especially request the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics to work in collaboration with the ministry on data sharing and analysis,” Dr Hamid said.

NHS Director General Dr Asad Hafeez said that by adhering to the SDG Agenda 2030, the country aimed to bring about transformational change in 17 domains covering multiple sectors to improve the lives of the citizens of Pakistan and contribute towards the betterment of all humanity.

He said SDG-3 is aimed and ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well being of all at all ages and that it is the pivot that will drive the SDG agenda in Pakistan due to its centrality to human development.

Dr Hafeez said it is a notable achievement for Pakistan that it is one of the first countries to complete the localization process which is a fundamental first step towards achieving SDGs by 2030.

Head of WHO Pakistan Dr Ni’ma Abid Saeed appreciated the political commitment of the government.

“WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,” he said.

He added that monitoring health trends and strengthening health information systems are among the core functions of WHO and for which the organisation is committed to work closely with the Pakistani government.

WHO is committed to support all stakeholders for SDG-3 implementation and forth coming voluntary national review, he said.



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Supreme Court Bar Association elections today

Supreme Court Bar Association elections today

Ali Ahmad Kurd and Amanullah Kanrani
The Supreme Court Bar Association (SCBA) elections for the term 2018-2-19 are being held today (Wednesday).

A total of 3,047 voters will cast their votes to elect the 22-member body. Judges from across Pakistan will elect the new body for the bar association.

The Lahore registry has 1291 registered votes while the Karachi registry has 504. In Islamabad, there are 484 registered votes while Peshawar has 280 votes. Quetta, Bahawalpur and Multan have 196, 89 and 203 registered votes respectively.

Polling stations have been set up in Karachi, Quetta, Peshawar, Abbottabad, Lahore, Multan, Bahawalpur, Islamabad and other cities.

According to the SCBA policy, the president of the bar is elected from different province each year as per rotation policy. The slot of the president has been reserved for Balochistan this year with the two candidates vying for the being Ali Ahmad Kurd and Amanullah Kanrani.

For the slot of the secretary, the contest is between Shamim-ur-Rehman Malik and Azmatullah Chaudhry while Ali Ahmed Rana and Mahmood A Sheikh are in the running for the finance secretary.

The SCBA body consists of the president, four vice-presidents (one from each province), secretary, additional secretary, finance secretary and 14 members elected from throughout Pakistan (at least two from each province).



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